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Unit 2 Critical Reflection   

  

Consider Déjà vu in the developing status of painting in the Digital Era.  

  

Description:  

  

The main themes underpinning my research at present.   

  

  • Memory - human experience and the fallibility of memory - especially Déjà vu.   

  • Digital potential - in combination with 'traditional'/ 'physical' painting.  

  • Games - interactivity – playfulness.  

  

Introduction  

Memory offers more than just images that accompany us throughout our lives. 

 

Moreover,  memory can actively filter out complex plots and construct and retouch the imagery in one’s mind according to each person's different psychological factors. The selectivity and ambiguity of memory make people find that the way the brain stores pictures conflicts with the objective images taken by a photographic lens. The capture and depiction of memory have become the expression of the artists. (Zhou, 2020)   

  

Therefore, 'memory' is the key theme throughout my practice and research in units one, two, and three. 

  

This essay will focus on specific examples of memory phenomenon known as déjà vu. It is about our dream, epilepsy, and neuroscience. In addition, I found that as digital art becomes increasingly dominant in this post-internet age, the relationship between digital art and physical art is akin to the relationship past and present in the disorder of time brought through déjà vu. Nowadays, the medium of physical painting is undergoing significant changes, with artists combining it with digital media, and thus, how to express déjà vu in the developing status of painting in the digital era is the main area of my research.   

  

I have identified a game language that disintegrates the boundaries between familiar and unfamiliar, fault and real, existence and nonexistence. I explore the relationship between imagination and memory, controllable memory and uncontrollable memory, active imagination, and passive imagination. I explore the interdisciplinary artistic practice, through theories of repetition art, illusionism, magic realism, Pittura metafísica, deconstruction and simultaneity, and the works of Joan Jonas, Patrick Clelland, Zeng Fanzhi, Ken Okiishi, Travess Smalley, Wade Guyton, and Michael Staniak. However, as déjà vu is an experience or a feeling, as opposed to a tangible object, my work aims to enable the audience to experience similar feelings of memory disorder, and possibly déjà vu.  

  

The aim of my work is to discuss how the potential of digital art in combination with 'traditional'/ 'physical' painting can be used as a tool to express my feeling of déjà vu. 

The development process of my work in Unit 2.  

  

1. The relationship between episodic memories and Pittura Metafisica.  

 

Firstly, I made some notes following the feedback I received for Unit One and made a plan for Unit Two that would incorporate this feedback. Namely, this was to make sure  I  had a clear direction for my research and practice.   

  

 

  

I found an interesting phenomenon that fascinated me.  The fact that I can see some images or patterns which others cannot see is magical, and I am curious why, for example, I can see patterns hidden behind the surface of marble tiles while others cannot (more details in my journal.)  Consequently, I felt that a discussion regarding the relationship between metaphysical painting and memory merited further research. Because painting something cannot be seen just as both memory and imagination in our mind, there has a mysterious quality. 

 

PADUA, Italy — Giorgio de Chirico set himself the unusual goal of ‘painting that which cannot be seen.’ The upshot was Metaphysical Art, which sought to reflect strange and elusive psychological landscapes, fugitive states of mind and to capture "the eternity of the moment" in physical form, in paint. (Morris, 2007, p1)  

  

Are they my imagination or the memory of my mind? I think it’s not that important to separate them. Trying so hard to distinguish them, why not just find a way to express them or narrate them?   

  

In the field of painting, memory is also an essential skill. Realistic painting has been popular in the West for hundreds of years. Properly speaking, realistic paintings in the mid-19th century were based on the memories of those artists. This is because even painting from nature must be done indoors. Even if the location is no longer visible, the artist can restore the scene from memory. Therefore, through the analysis of the painting, we may be able to understand more deeply what memory all is about.  

  

The essence of episodic memory lies in the conjunction of three concepts-self, autonoetic awareness, and subjectively sensed time.   

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Drawing on the surface of marble tiles on 15 Feb. 2021

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Photo shot on 18 Feb. 2021

Sketches about Deja vu 18 Feb. 2021

2. Combining illusionism art with shadow boxes to express the feeling of disorder of time in déjà vu.  

Secondly, I entered the next phase and started to draw and paint some sketches to further my project.  

 

I am inspired by Joseph Cornell's shadow boxes, which use paintings and vintage items to make collages in his shadow boxes. This resonates with me as I am also an avid collector, namely with vintage items which I then archive inboxes. In addition to 'collecting as a 'thrill of acquisition'',. (Salvador, 2014),  items with such history intrigue me. When I archive vintage items, it feels as if I have archived a past time itself.  

  

Peter Blake’s The Toy Shop also influenced my work.  His work let me understand that no matter 'real' or 'virtual' collecting, the ‘thrill of acquisition’ and the ‘possession urge’ are the main motivation. That is the reason which motivated me to draw some vintage machines in my watercolor drawing because I want to record the sound and the images of the past.  Following this, I scanned and printed out the watercolors and collaged them on the sketches that I drew based on my photos in real life. I did this to try to combine the past with the current scene to reflect the feeling of chaos in déjà vu, and design to store them in the shadow box. 

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Duan, J.X.(2021) Vintage Machine [watercolor].

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Duan, J.X.(2021) Vintage Machine combine real-life [watercolor & sketch].

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Duan, J.X.(2021) Vintage Machine combine real-life [watercolor & sketch].

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Duan, J.X.(2021) Deja vu [oil painting].

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Duan, J.X.(2021) Vintage Machine combine real-life in shadow box [watercolor & sketch & oil painting].

3. Simultaneity and the parallel universe in the exquisite corpse game.   

 

I participated in an MA Painting online project space residency. During the residency, I invited my classmates to join my exquisite corpse games. 

  

Could you imagine déjà vu is the feeling from the parallel universe?  

  

One day I saw this photograph online which was taken by   Patrick Clelland.  At first glance, this mysterious photo evoked a sudden feeling of déjà vu. It was unbelievable as I was certain I had not visited the set of the photo but the colour of the sky and landscape felt so incredibly familiar. I needed to find more details about the photo to uncover the mystery and satisfy my curiosity.   

After contacting Patrick Clelland, I learned that the photo was taken at a ski resort a few weeks before the beginning of the ski season in New Zealand a few years ago. I learned that the reason why the colours of this photo were so unique was that it was taken on an expired slide film.  

  

The beautiful landscape that Patrick Clelland saw in front of his eyes is different from what he saw from the camera, and the representation changed yet again following film development. This beautiful scenery gives people different feelings. Just like Patrick Clelland could not imagine that the sky would show this strange colour when he used expired films.  

   

It reminds me of the exquisite corpse game.  

  

In 2012, Meyers's graph paper drawings sparked a series of collaborations based on the surrealist game Exquisite Corpse—a strategy of automatic drawing that became a popular parlor game in the 1920s and lives on today. The original concept was to create a human figure in three parts. A piece of paper was folded and passed around for players to complete; their predecessors' work hid- den from them. While the avant-garde sought to use the game as a vehicle for accessing the unconscious, Meyers exploits the methodology as a tool for artistic collaboration and visual dialogue. The rules are simple in Meyer's take on this game: the first artist begins the drawing, leaving only a fragment of the image visible; the second artist uses the fragment as a prompt to continue the piece; once the work is complete, the entire image is revealed. The results are often mischievous and unexpected. On the opposite page, you will find a fragment of one-half of an Exquisite Corpse drawing by Meyers. (The First Worldwide Game of Exquisite Corpse, 2016) 

   

During this game, each individual  uses their diverse imaginations to imagine each part of the body that they create and then combine them,  often resulting in a form of "monster."   

The feeling of taking photos in various times and spaces by Patrick Clelland is similar to the feeling of imaging various parts of the body in the exquisite game.  

   

   

One of the examples is the typical simultaneity artwork of Picasso.  

   

Picasso and his friends visited the original Iberian sculpture on display in the Louvre in 1906.  

Picasso was deeply shocked by the Iberian sculptor's concept of 'conception over perception', and he was ashamed of it. What they drew was an imaginary perspective rather than a directly perceived perspective.   

   

At the same time, with the development of film technology in the 20th century, the continuous movements of characters can be shown in the same picture, making Picasso more convinced that different perspectives can be shown on the same two-dimensional canvas. As depicted in the painting 'Les Demoiselles d'Avignon', the five girls are interpreted in the same two-dimensional plane in different dimensions. Their distorted and broken forms liberate people from a single two-dimensional perspective.  

  

So, does the parallel world exist in a space that we have not yet perceived? The appearance of Deja vu reminds us that there exists an unknown world in which time is two-dimensional, and the past, present, and future will all be in one space.   

  

  

I even think that Deja vu may not be a sensation brought by the confusion of time. Instead, it lets us instantly feel a two-dimensional time-space. In this time-space, the past, present, and future,  are simultaneously presented in the same picture, and only once we have seen this do we find ourselves feeling Deja vu.  

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Duan, J.X. (2021) Exquisite corpse game [Acrylic painting]

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Clelland, P(2018) photograph taken in New Zealand [Olympus OM-2N and Kodak Elitechrome 100]

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Messages with Patrick Clelland. Screenshots (2021) 

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Picasso, P. (1907) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon [Oil painting]. Museum of Modern Art, New York 

【YouTube】How Ancient Art Influenced Modern Art

Screenshot

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Duan, J.X. (2021) Exquisite corpse game [Acrylic painting] 170x150cm

4. Deconstruction and repetitive images embodied in my project 

In the last stage of the second unit, I planned to divide the body into six parts, and then completed six acrylic paintings of 170x150cm. Each painting represented a part of the human body. Next, I used the Tilt Brush software in VR (Virtual Reality) to create my work again in the 3D world. In addition, I did etching printmaking. The last step was to cooperate with an interaction designer (Griffin Koo) who provided the technical support for my work. Working together, we completed an interactive artwork with game significance. 

  

Griffin Koo’s work ‘Hertz’ is similar to my own project. We both discuss all forms of authority and rules of regulation. The only concept we both believe in is one of randomness and disorder. Our creative methods also share similarities. We are both searching for a way to disassemble and reshape our works. This makes me believe that our cooperation will lead my project in a whole new direction. 

  

There are some connections between our project and Ken Okiishi 's works. His works hover over and within relationships between matter and memory, perception and action, image networks, and media systems. He generates moments when language and images begin to fall apart, inciting glitches that illuminate spaces to produce something other than what has already been. Our project also discusses nostalgia for the immature era of image transmission technology and pays tribute to that era in a way of restoring ancient ways. With the continuous development of electronic technology, this kind of data corruption phenomenon will occur less and less. The feeling of the real world and virtual world will be closer and closer to our age, and future image processing methods may become the new art of Glitch. 

  

Travess Smalley also explores a new art form in the real and virtual world akin to my project. His work aims to create an experience “where the viewer’s visual vocabulary just draws a blank and they can no longer distinguish the digital from the real” (2014). 

 Similar artists with whom I share an interest are Michael Staniak and Joan Jonas. Staniak's work oscillates between a sensation of a flat, screen-mediated image and the rich texture of an analogue painting. Jonas's work retells fairy tales and myths from a fresh perspective, creating emotional and visual landscapes which tune into our subconscious experience of the world. 

  

For me, the sense of Deja vu is not merely our memories of one place, it is a phenomenon produced by the interweaving of multiple different memories in our minds. Therefore, the Deja vu perception can be said to be the repeated and shared image in our minds. As Kahng (2007, p.3) argues “using his own extensive experience as a historian of non-Western antiquity, Kuber sought to resurrect the merits of form as a legitimate and more "objective" means of finding the shape of time, which, as he argued, is made visible only through reiteration and rupture: a material syncopation or prolonged rubato still graspable in 'The History of Things”.  

 
Therefore, the idea of 'Repetition' allows us to restore an event and provides us with the possibility of comparative analysis and evaluation. 

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Videos and images of Hertz provided by GriffinKoo

Two videos below show that I tried the technic which used in Griffin Koo's interactive multimedia installation.

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Travess Smalley, excerpt from Book 5 - Vector Weave_Dec 30 Actions 2013 (2014)

Ken Okiishi, Pilar Corrias, Mixed MediaAcrylic paint, epoxy, 2-way acrylic mirrors on flatscreen televisions, feedback .mp4 files (colour, sound), 107.4 x 61.9 x 5.1 (cm)

42.3 x 24.4 x 2.0 (inch)

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Michael Staniak - Untitled, 2014

Joan Jonas, versus inversu, 2008

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Duan, J.X.(2021) Deja vu [Acrylic painting], 170 x 150 cm

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Duan, J.X.(2021) Deja vu [image of acrylic painting in Tilt Brush]

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Duan, J.X.(2021) Deja vu [etching printmaking]

*Art Term

  • Repetition art:

Interested in exploring more and understanding in-depth yet another of its elements, the repetition in art is quite possibly one of the most interesting methods that the artists implement to create a certain movement, stillness, design, confusion, to rebel against the notion of tradition, re-define the idea of the original and the copies, or to cast true focus on one part of the artwork that either makes the work more visible or purposely invisible. Seen as one of the most important techniques for reduction, repetition is used in an equal amount both in music and visual arts and is seen as both aesthetic and poetic devices.

https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/repetition-in-art-artists-photography

 

  • Illusionism:

The term illusionism is used to describe a painting that creates the illusion of a real object or scene, or a sculpture where the artist has depicted figures in such a realistic way that they seem alive.

https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/i/illusionism

 

 

  • Magic Realism:

The term magic realism was invented by German photographer, art historian, and art critic Franz Roh in 1925 to describe modern realist paintings with fantasy or dream-like subjects.

https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/m/magic-realism

 

  • Pittura Metafisica:

Early twentieth-century Italian art movement typified by dream-like views of eerie arcaded squares with unexpected juxtapositions of objects (English translation of Pittura Metafisica is Metaphysical Art)

https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/p/pittura-metafisica

 

  • Deconstruction:

A deconstruction is a form of criticism first used by French philosopher Jacques Derrida in the 1970s which asserts that there is not one single intrinsic meaning to be found in a work, but rather many, and often these can be conflicting.

 

  • Simultaneity:

Simultaneous art is a style of art that uses multiple, simultaneous discordant, and confusing sensations and narratives to create art that was an experience, rather than an object. Each spectator's experience is a construct of multiple, simultaneous elements.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneous_art

 

References

Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso. (2020) super-recognize. 24 May 2021 [YouTube]

Caillois, R. (2001) Man, Play and Games. Chicago: University of Illinois.

Do you really understand Einstein’s theory of relativity- BBC News. (2019) BBC News. 24 May 2021 [YouTube]

Einstein's Miracle Year (2015) TED-Ed. 24 May 2021 [YouTube]

Federico, G. (2014) The archives: post-cinema and video game between memory and the image of the present / edited by Federico Giordano and Bernard Perron. Milan: Mimesis International.

How Ancient Art Influenced Modern Art. (2016) TED-Ed. 24 May 2021 [YouTube]

Morris, R. C. (2007) De Chirico: Painting landscapes of the mind - Culture - International Herald Tribune. [Online]. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/09/arts/09iht-conway.4533707.html> (accessed on 23 May 2021)
 

Stephen, B.; Eik, K. (2007) The repeating image: multiples in French painting from David to Matisse. French:  Baltimore: Walters Art Museum.

The First Worldwide Game of Exquisite Corpse (2016) Prose communication Blague.com [online] Available at:https://www.prosecommunication.com/blogue/the-first-worldwide-game-of-exquisite-corpse/ (Accessed 25 May 2021)

Zhou, C.Z. (2020) Memory and Emotion — — the expression

of memory in the contemporary painting.

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